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Me and Sugarcane Field

Sugarcane is a c4 plant. It is considered as one of the most efficient converters of solar energy. It is very important industrial crops; accounting for 66% of sugar production in the world. It is also known as “ikshu “ in BANGLADESH and is the main source of sugar and gur. The contribution of sugarcane to national GDP is about 0.78%. about 5 million people depend on sugarcane cultivation in BANGLADESH.

ORIGIN AND COUNTRIES WHERE IT GROWN

Sugarcane growing Areas in BD

Sugarcane is considered to have originated in INDIA. Now it is grown in INDIA BANGLADESH, BRAZIL,CUBA, PAKISTAN, PHILIPPINES, ARGENTINA, COLOMBIA, INDONESIA, SOUTH AFRICA, and EGYPT. In BANGLADESH it is grown all over the country; however, the major sugarcane growing district are Rajshahi, kustia, jessore, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Faridpur, Mymensingh, Tangail, jamalpur, and Dhaka.

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF SUGARCANE

CROPPING PATTERN

The cropping patterns recommended by the BSRI are:

1.     Jute – sugarcane.

2.     Jute – sugarcane + intercrop.

3.     Jute – Black gram – sugarcane.

4.     Aus rice – sugarcane + intercrop.

LAND and SOIL

suitable land

High land and medium high land with well drained loamy soil nutral in reaction(_pH 6.5 to 7.5) is most suitable.

CLIMATE

Sugarcane is a tropical crop grows best in hot and sunny areas. It grows both in tropical and sub tropical region. Optimum temperature for sprouting is 28 – 30⁰C and absolute lowest temperature is around 12⁰C. Optimum rainfall for obtaining high yield is 2000 – 2500 mm is ideal. During growth phage rainfall encourages rapid cane formation. But during ripening stage rainfall is undesirable because it leads to poor juice quality.

LAND PREPARATION

LAND PREPARATION

For ideal land preparation  5-6 ploughing followed by leveling and incorporating organic manure is suitable.

SELECTION OF PLANTING MATERIAL

Sugarcane is propagated vegetatively by stem cuttings, known as setts. Immature cane portion that are in vigorous growth stage rich in nitrogen content having healthy fresh buds are considered as the best planting material.

PLANTING METHODS OF SUGARCANE

1. Conventional sett planting method.

                      (i) Ridge deep furrow method.

Conventional sett planting method

      2. Settling transplanting (STP) method.

Settling transplanting (STP) method

                     (i) Bag settling.

                     (ii)Bed settling.

                     (iii)Rayungun settling.

                     (iv) Lateral shoot settling.

                     (v)Bud chip settling.

                     (vi) Stalk less settling.

 TIME OF PLANTING

Best planting time _______ AUGUST to FEBRUARY.

SPACING

 R-R spacing_____ 75 to 100 cm

P-P spacing_____ 45 to 60 cm.

SETTLING RATE

In STP method    - 30000 to 40000 settling/ha

In conventional method – 10t setts/ha

FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATION

Fertilizer should be applied on the basis of soil analysis. For high yield goal the recommended dose of fertilizer for sugarcane is presented on the following table:

N	P	K	S	Zn
166-220	55-72	180-240	46-60	6-8

FERTILIZER APPLICATION METHOD 

      (a) In heavy textured soil:

 

50% Nitrogen and Potassium and 100% phosphorus, Sulphur and Zinc should be applied as basal prior to planting and rest should be applied at tillering stage.  Zn and P should not be mixed together and applied at a time.

(b) In light textured soil:

 

N should be applied in 3 installments. 1/3 in furrow prior to planting, 1/3 as top dressing at tillering stage, 1/3 as top dressing at grand growth stage.

(c)  For settling transplanted sugarcane:

 

Basal N and K applied 20-30 days after transplanting and top dressing of N and K are done when the soil contains adequate moisture.

INTERCULTURAL OPERATION

Gap Filling:    

It is essential if sprouting is not satisfactory. It should be done  just after 10-15 days of planting.

Mulching:  

It is essential for proper aeration into root zone.        

Weeding:  

Weed causes 12-70% yield reduction. It should be

done 1st three month of sugarcane production.

 Tying and Wrapping of sugarcane:  

The cane stalks of one or two hills are tied or Wrapped to

protect sugarcane from lodging.

 Irrigation or drainage:  

4-5 irrigation is required for good yield.

Drainage is Essential if water lodging occurs. 

Protection:

 Plant should be protected from disease, pest,

pathogen, weed etc For better production.

HARVESTING

Sugarcane matures within 12-15 months. Maturity test can be

done artificially By using hand refractometer. It is harvested by

cutting at soil level. Then it Should be crushed within 24 hours.

YIELD

In conventional method average cane yield is around 801t/ha
          

and  In STP method average cane yield is  around 125t/ha. 

VARIETY

BSRI ( BANGLADESH Sugarcane Research Institute )released

36 varieties.Of Which Ishurdi 16, 21, 26, 28, 32, 33, 35 and

Ishurdi 36 are suitable for cultivation In medium and high land.

Ishurdi 20, 21, 22, 24, 25 and Ishurdi 26 are suitable For low  

land. More Or less tollerent adverse condition varieties

are Ishurdi 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35

and 36.                                 Fig: ISD 39

 

 

 

 

 There is another sugar proucing crop whic is Sugarbeet. 

 Its sugar content is high than the sugarcane but it is suitable 

for Temperate region. As BANGLADESH is a sub tropical

country sugarcane is best to meet our daily requirement.